theory (physics), model (physics)
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Types of quantum field thories
In quantum field theory the term gauge boson denotes the quantum? of a gauge field.
In terms of Chern-Weil theory/differential cohomology we have: gauge bosons are the quanta of connections on bundles.
For instance
a photon is the quantum of the electromagnetic field: a connection on a line bundle;
a gluon is the quantum of the Yang-Mills field: a connection on a -principal bundle.
if one regards gravity as a gauge theory, then the graviton may be regaded as the gauge boson of a connection on a ISO-principal bundle.