nLab
basis of a free module

Definition

A basis of a free $R$-module $M$ (possibly a vector space, see basis of a vector space) is a linear isomorphism $B:M\to {\oplus }_{i\in I}R$ to a direct sum of copies of the ring $R$, regarded as a module over itself.

We see how this is equivalent to the classical definition of a basis as a linearly independent spanning set:

Lemma

A basis for a free $R$-module $M$ determines a unique generating set for $M$ of linearly independent elements of $M$.

Proof

Fix a basis $B$ for $M$ over $R$. Then let $a_i≔({\delta }_{\mathrm{ij}}{)}_{j\in I}$ for each $i\in I$. Since $B$ is an isomorphism, each $a_i$ determines a unique element $b_i≔B^{-1}(a_i)$. Since every element of $M$ is of the form $B^{-1}(x)$ for $x\in {\oplus }_{i\in I}R$, and since every element of ${\oplus }_{i\in I}R$ can be written as a finite $R$-linear combination of the $a_i$, this proves that $\{b_i{\}}_{i\in I}$ generates $M$. To show linear independence, we again apply $B$ and its linearity. The result is immediate.

Related concepts

• free module, free group, free abelian group

• linear independence