There is a new journal on these subjects.
A strange resource page of Watkins
N Th and Physics folder, probably under Number Th
arXiv:1003.2986 On Fields over Fields from arXiv Front: math.AG by Yang-Hui He We investigate certain arithmetic properties of field theories. In particular, we study the vacuum structure of supersymmetric gauge theories as algebraic varieties over number fields of finite characteristic. Parallel to the Plethystic Programme of counting the spectrum of operators from the syzygies of the complex geometry, we construct, based on the zeros of the vacuum moduli space over finite fields, the local and global Hasse-Weil zeta functions, as well as develop the associated Dirichlet expansions. We find curious dualities wherein the geometrical properties and asymptotic behaviour of one gauge theory is governed by the number theoretic nature of another.
arXiv:0906.1065 Archimedean L-factors and Topological Field Theories I from arXiv Front: math.AG by Anton Gerasimov, Dimitri Lebedev, Sergey Oblezin We propose a functional integral representation for Archimedean L-factors given by products of Gamma-functions. The corresponding functional integral arises in the description of type A equivariant topological linear sigma model on a disk. The functional integral representation provides in particular an interpretation of the Gamma-function as an equivariant symplectic volume of an infinite-dimensional space of holomorphic maps of the disk to C. This should be considered as a mirror-dual to the classical Euler integral representation of the Gamma-function. We give an analogous functional integral representation of q-deformed Gamma-functions using a three-dimensional equivariant topological linear sigma model on a handlebody. In general, upon proper ultra-violent completion, the topological sigma model considered on a particular class of three-dimensional spaces with a compact Kahler target space provides a quantum field theory description of a K-theory version of Gromov-Witten invariants.
nLab page on Physics and number theory