nLab
class of adapted objects

Let $A,B$ be abelian categories, $R\subset \mathrm{Ob}A$ a class of objects in $A$ and $F:A\to B$ an additive functor.

If $F$ is left exact functor we say that $R$ is a class of objects adapted to $F$ if $F$ sends bounded below cochain complexes to acyclic complexes (= having trivial cohomology), and every object in $A$ is a subobject of an object from $R$.

If $F$ is right exact functor we say that $R$ is a class of objects adapted to $F$ if $F$ sends bounded above chain complexes to acyclic complexes (= having trivial homology), and every object in $A$ is a quotient object of an object from $R$.

For example, if $R=I$ (resp. $R=P$) is the class of all injective (resp. projective) objects in an abelian category $A$ with sufficiently many injectives (resp. projectives), then $R$ is adapted to any left (resp. right) exact functor whose domain is $A$. If $F$ is left (resp. right) exact and a family $R$ of objects adapted to $F$ exists then the right derived functor $D^{+}(F):D^{+}(A)\to D^{+}(B)$ (resp. left derived functor $D^{-}(F):D^{-}(A)\to D^{-}(B)$) of $F$ exists by a standard construction using resolutions by objects in $R$. Flexibility in choosing an adapted class is often useful.

References:

• A. Grothendieck: Tohoku

• S. I. Gel’fand, Yu. I. Manin, Methods of homological algebra, Moskva 1988 (Russian); Springer 1996 (English): chapter 3

• (for generalizations in nonabelian setup) A. Rosenberg, Homological algebra of noncommutative ‘spaces’ I, preprint MPIM2008-91